The 5 Most - Common Problems In Water Treatment

The 5 Most Common Problems in Water Treatment (and How to Solve Them):

Water treatment plants play a vital role in keeping our environment safe. But many STPs, ETPs, and industrial systems face recurring issues that reduce plant efficiency. Here are the five most common problems — and the best solutions to fix them.

1. High BOD & COD Levels

Problem:
Inadequate breakdown of organic waste leads to high BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), resulting in poor-quality treated water.

Solution:

  • Improve aeration

  • Maintain DO above 2 mg/L

  • Add bioculture/microbial solutions to boost digestion

  • Prevent heavy chemicals from entering the plant

2. Excess Sludge Formation

Problem:
Plants generate more sludge than required, increasing disposal costs and reducing tank capacity.

Solution:

  • Use efficient bioculture to reduce sludge volume

  • Optimize aeration and MLSS concentration

  • Control shock loads from industries

3. Bad Odour from Tanks

Problem:
Foul smell is caused by anaerobic (oxygen-less) conditions and harmful gases like H₂S and ammonia.

Solution:

  • Ensure proper aeration 24/7

  • Maintain pH 6.5–8.5

  • Dose bioculture to control odour naturally

  • Avoid stagnant water zones

4. Foaming in Aeration Tank

Problem:
Foam occurs due to detergent load, septicity, or the presence of filamentous bacteria.

Solution:

  • Maintain steady airflow

  • Reduce detergent inflow

  • Dose anti-foam agents or microbial culture

  • Balance nutrient ratio (BOD:N:P = 100:5:1)

5. Poor Clarity in Treated Water

Problem:
TSS (Total Suspended Solids) and turbidity remain high due to weak floc formation and poor settling.

Solution:

  • Use coagulants/flocculants as required

  • Maintain optimum MLSS

  • Ensure correct sludge recycle rate

  • Improve aeration and biological activity

Conclusion:

Most water treatment problems arise from poor aeration, sudden chemical loads, or weak microbial activity. Regular monitoring, proper maintenance, and adding high-quality bioculture can restore plant performance quickly and naturally.

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